Agujeros negros rotatorios: La más fantástica fuente de energía del universo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFis.22.020208Keywords:
Spinning black hole, Kerr solution, rotational energy, undergraduate studentsAbstract
Los agujeros negros rotatorios son la fuente de energía más poderosa del universo conocido, y son la causa de algunos de los fenómenos astronómicos más espectaculares y extremos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar en términos simples la física de la extracción de energía en agujeros negros rotatorios. Concretamente se analiza la fuente de dicha energía, la eficiencia del proceso de extracción energética, y algunos mecanismos concretos que permiten dicha extracción. El artículo está destinado principalmente a estudiantes no graduados de física, astronomía y carreras afines.
Rotating black holes are the most powerful source of energy in the known universe, and are the cause of some of the most spectacular and extreme astronomical phenomena. The goal of this article is to analyze in simple terms the physics of energy extraction in rotating black holes. Specifically, the source of said energy, the efficiency of the energy extraction process, and some specific mechanisms that allow said extraction are analyzed. The article is intended primarily for undergraduate students of physics, astronomy and related fields.
References
M. Camenzind, Compact Objects in Astrophysics: White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars and Black Holes, (Springer, Berlin, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49912-1
D. Maoz, Astrophysics in a Nutshell, 1st ed. (Princeton University Press, USA, 2007)
V. P. Frolov and A. Zelnikov, Introduction to Black Hole Physics, (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011)
R. Ruffini, J.A. Wheeler, Introducing the black hole, Physics Today 24 (1971) 30, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3022513
V.P. Frolov, I.D. Novikov, Black Hole Physics: Basic Concepts and New Developments, (Springer Science, Denver, 1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5139-9
K.L. Lang, Essential Astrophysics, (Springer, Berlin, 2013)
D. Christodoulou, Reversible and Irreversible Transformations in Black-Hole physics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25 (1970) 1596, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.1596
D. Christodoulou, Reversible Transformations of a Charged Black Hole, Phys. Rev. D 4 (1971) 3552-3555. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.4.3552
S. W. Hawking, Historia del tiempo: Del big bang a los agujeros negros, (Crítica, Barcelona, 1988)
J. P. Luminet, Agujeros negros, (Alianza, Madrid, 1991)
B. Schutz, Gravity from the Ground Up, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge, 2003). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807800
S. W. Hawking, Black Holes in General Relativity, Communications in Mathematical Physics 25 (1972) 152, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01877517
C.S. Reynolds, Measuring Black Hole Spin Using X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy, Space Sci. Rev. 183 (2014) 277, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-0006-6
R. Penrose, Gravitational collapse: the role of general relativity, Nuovo Cimento 1 (1969) 252-276
R. Penrose, R.M. Floyd, Extraction of Rotational Energy from a Black Hole, Nature 229 (1971) 177, https://doi.org/10.1038/physci229177a0
R. M. Wald, Space, Time and Gravity: The Theory of the Big Bang and Black Holes, 2nd ed. (The University of Chicago Press, 1992)
R.M. Wald, Energy Limits on the Penrose Process, The Astrophys. J. 191 (1974) 231, https://doi.org/10.1086/152959
R.D. Blandford, R.L. Znajek, Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc 179 (1977) 433, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/179.3.433
K. Parfrey, A. Philippov, B. Cerutti, First-Principles Plasma Simulations of Black-Hole Jet Launching, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 035101, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.035101
K.S. Thorne, Agujeros negros y tiempo curvo. El escandaloso legado de Einstein, (Crítica, Barcelona, 2000)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Pinochet
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the Revista Mexicana de Física E right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
