The concept of entropy, from its origins to teachers

Abstract

Research on alternative conceptions shows that the entropy concept is among the most difficult for students to understand. Entropy is a concept with a complex history and has been the subject of diverse reconstructions and interpretations. This paper presents a brief review of the origin of the concept (Clausius and Boltzmann), a description of some influential textbooks (Planck, Fermi and Gibbs) and a comparative review on textbooks and how the concept of entropy is conceived and taught by university teachers. The results show that there is a great variety in the descriptions and meanings of entropy provided in textbooks, confusing students and teachers. A brief discussion focuses on new conceptual approaches to entropy. We conclude by suggesting how history can contribute to teachers and students' awareness about changes in the meaning of entropy and their acceptance of a more relevant commitment in their understanding of physical concepts.