Aparato para realizar experimentos de Fluorescencia de Rayos X y de pérdida de energía de partículas α en un laboratorio de Física a nivel licenciatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFis.21.020206Abstract
Se describen el diseño y el funcionamiento de un dispositivo para realizar experimentos de espectrometrías de rayos X y de partículas cargadas, en un laboratorio avanzado de enseñanza de Física, a nivel licenciatura. Se presentan dos experimentos que pueden llevarse a cabo en seis sesiones de tres horas, cada uno. La primera práctica se refiere a la medición de probabilidades de transiciones radiativas de vacantes con fluorescencia de rayos X, usando la radiación γ producida por una fuente de 241Am para inducir la emisión de rayos X K de elementos lantanoides. En el segundo experimento se mide el espesor de una muestra delgada de un polímero, mediante la pérdida de energía de partículas α emitidas por una fuente triple de 239Pu-241Am-244Cm al atravesar el blanco. Con esto, los alumnos reciben una introducción a las técnicas de vacío, manejo de fuentes radiactivas, detectores de radiación ionizante y electrónica nuclear, así como también se muestra la importancia del cálculo de incertidumbres y errores experimentales.
The design and operation of a device for conducting X-ray and charged particle spectrometry experiments in an advanced Physics teaching laboratory at the undergraduate level are described. Two experiments are presented that can be carried out in six sessions of three hours each. The first practice concerns the measurement of probabilities of radiative transitions of vacancies with X-ray fluorescence, using the γ radiation produced by a 241Am source to induce the emission of K X-rays from lanthanoid elements. In the second experiment, the thickness of a thin sample of a polymer is measured through the energy lost by α particles emitted by a 239Pu-241Am-244Cm triple source when passing through the target. With this, students receive an introduction to vacuum techniques, radioactive sources handling, ionizing radiation detectors, and nuclear electronics, as well as the importance of evaluating experimental uncertainties and errors.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Juan Antonio Mendoza-Flores, Derian Leonel Serrano-Juárez, Juan Carlos Pineda-Santamaría, Salvador Reynoso-Cruces, Javier Miranda
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