Study of the phase dependency of RF cavities on gamma ray distribution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFis.71.051203Keywords:
electron-beam, gamma-rays, irradiation, beam dynamics, RF phaseAbstract
A front-to-end simulation study of a gamma irradiator was conducted, covering the entire process from the electron gun to the gamma rays going into a collimator, to investigate the impact of the RF phase on the irradiation process for continuous wave (CW) beams. Instead of considering an ideal monoenergetic beam to generate the gamma rays, we use a more complex simulation where initially, the electron gun generates a continuous beam of 50 keV ± 2.5 keV energy, which then passes through a multi-cell S-band RF cavity, accelerating the electrons to a final average energy of 6 MeV. Subsequently, the beam interacts with a tungsten plate downstream, generating gamma rays. An integrated simulation system consisting of specialized software for different study aspects has been developed. Poisson Superfish and CST Studio were used for RF cavity design, Travel for beam dynamics analysis, and Geant4 for simulating electron-gamma conversion and tracking. All beam properties were exported between codes in such a way that the particles position, energy, and RF phase dependency were preserved throughout. This work aims to define the realistic limits of the electron beam quality in RF electron linear accelerators for gamma irradiation.
References
A.Fogliata et al., Definition of parameters for quality assurance of flattening filter free (fff) photon beams in radiation therapy, Medical Physics 39 (2012) 6455, https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4754799
A. Zeghari, R. Saaidi, and R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, Enhancement of the dose on 12 mv linac with free flattening filter mode, Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering 9 (2019) 437, https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.924
F. Pönisch, U. Titt, O. N. Vassiliev, S. F. Kry, and R. Mohan, Properties of unflattened photon beams shaped by a multileaf collimator, Medical Physics 33 (2006) 1738, https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2201149
J. H. Billen and L. M. Young, POISSON SUPERFISH Documentation (LA-UR, 96-1834, 1996)
C. S. Technology, Cst, https://www.cst.com/
G. R. Montoya-Soto, B. Yee-Rendon, C. Duarte-Galvan, and C. A. Valerio-Lizarraga, Electromagnetic design and characterization of an s-band 3-cell rf acceleration cavity, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1350 (2019) 012190, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1350/1/012190
A. Perrin, J.-F. Amand, T. Muetze, J.-B. Lallement, and S. Lanzone, Travel v4.07 User Manual (2007)
C. Valerio-Lizarraga et al., Study of the first mexican rf linear accelerator, Rev. Mex Fis 64 (2018) 116, https://doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.64.116
A. Lichtenberg, Longitudinal phase space transformations, Nuclear Instruments and Methods 26 (1964) 243, https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(64)90083-7
J. Besserer et al., An irradiation facility with a vertical beam for radiobiological studies, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 430 (1999) 154, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00195-3
A. Belousov, S. Varzar, and A. Chernyaev, Simulation of the conditions of photon and electron beam irradiation in magnetic fields for increasing conformity of radiation therapy, Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys 71 (2007) 841, https://doi.org/10.3103/S1062873807060172
S. Agostinelli et al. (GEANT4), GEANT4-a simulation toolkit, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506 (2003) 250, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8
F. Stichelbaut, J.-L. Bol, M. Cleland, O. Gréegoire, A. Herer, Y. Jongen, and B. Mullier, The palletron: a high-dose uniformity pallet irradiator with x-rays, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 71 (2004) 291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.03.062
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Trends in Radiation Sterilization of Health Care Products, Nonserial Publications (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2008)
C. Srinivas, A primer on theory and operation of linear accelerators in radiation therapy, Journal of Medical Physics 44 (2019) 298
L. Manmaker, The Definitive Computer Manual, Chips-R-Us (Silicon Valley, silver ed., 1986)
R. Desai and K. M. Rich, Therapeutic role of gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery in neuro-oncology, Missouri medicine, 117 (2020) 33
Z. Zimek, Comparison between EB, gamma, and x-rays facilities for radiation processing (2017) pp. 65
F. Halzen and D. Martin, Quarks and Leptons: an introductory course (Ed. John Wiley, 1984)
K. S. Krane, Introductory nuclear physics (Wiley, New York, NY, 1988)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 G.R. Montoya-Soto, G.H.I. Maury-Cuna, V.M. Lizarraga-Rubio, C. A. Valerio-Lizarraga, S. Millan-Estrada, C. Duarte-Galvan, C.E. Aguilar-Campos , I. Leon Monzon, J.E. Leyva-Cervantes

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the Revista Mexicana de Física right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.