Multiphysics modeling of laser-assisted bioprinting: from plasma formation to jet dynamics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFis.71.061502Keywords:
Laser-assisted bioprinting, femtosecond laser, plasma generation, cavitation bubble dynamics, multiphysics modeling, computational fluid dynamics, tissue engineeringAbstract
This study presents a comprehensive multiphysics model of laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB), integrating the complex physical phenomena occurring across multiple time and length scales. Our model encompasses the laser-matter interaction, plasma formation, cavitation bubble dynamics, and fluid mechanics of jet formation. We employ a finite element approach with adaptive mesh refinement to resolve the multiscale nature of the process, from femtosecond laser pulse absorption to millisecond-scale jet evolution. The model accurately captures the non-linear absorption mechanisms, including multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization, leading to plasma formation with electron densities exceeding 1020 cm-3 and temperatures reaching 5000 K. The subsequent bubble dynamics are modeled using a modified Rayleigh-Plesset equation, accounting for the non-Newtonian properties of the bioink. Our simulations reveal a maximum bubble radius of 45 μm and collapse time of 4.2 μs, in excellent agreement with experimental observations. The jet formation phase is characterized by a maximum height of 46 μm and initial velocity of 30 m/s, with distinct acceleration, deceleration, and retraction phases. The model elucidates the complex energy transfer cascade from the initial laser pulse to the final jet formation, with approximately 7% of the initial laser energy ultimately contributing to jet kinetics. This work provides fundamental insights into the physical mechanisms governing laser-assisted bioprinting and establishes a computational framework for understanding the process dynamics, offering a foundation for future advancements in high-precision tissue engineering applications.
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