Alternativas de materiales para la generación de energía eléctrica contextualizada al entorno social: la pila de limones como herramienta didáctica en contextos de recursos limitados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFis.7.011407Keywords:
Electrochemical cell; redox reactions; physics teaching; alternative materials; inclusive educationAbstract
Esta investigación presenta la implementación de la pila electroquímica de limones como alternativa didáctica para la enseñanza de la generación de energía eléctrica en contextos educativos con recursos limitados. La propuesta se fundamenta en el constructivismo social y el aprendizaje significativo de Ausubel, aplicados mediante experimentos de bajo costo que permiten a los estudiantes comprender los principios de las reacciones de oxidación-reducción y la conversión electroquímica de energía. La implementación se realizó con estudiantes de la UAP Navolato-extensión Sataya, organizados en equipos colaborativos, utilizando materiales accesibles como limones frescos, clavos galvanizados y cables de cobre. Los resultados evidencian la generación exitosa de voltajes entre 0.7 y 0.9 V por limón, suficientes para encender dispositivos LED de bajo consumo cuando se conectan en serie. La evaluación cualitativa revela un incremento significativo en la motivación estudiantil y la comprensión conceptual de los fenómenos electroquímicos. Esta propuesta demuestra que es posible mantener la calidad educativa mediante estrategias didácticas innovadoras que transforman las limitaciones materiales en oportunidades pedagógicas, contribuyendo a una educación científica inclusiva y contextualizada.
This research presents the implementation of a lemon electrochemical cell as a didactic alternative for teaching electrical energy generation in educational contexts with limited resources. The proposal is based on social constructivism and Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning, applied through low-cost experiments that allow students to understand the principles of oxidation-reduction reactions and the electrochemical conversion of energy. The implementation was carried out with students from the UAP Navolato-Sataya extension, organized in collaborative teams, using readily available materials such as fresh lemons, galvanized nails, and copper wires. The results demonstrate the successful generation of voltages between 0.7 and 0.9 V per lemon, sufficient to power low-consumption LEDs when connected in series. The qualitative evaluation reveals a significant increase in student motivation and conceptual understanding of electrochemical phenomena. This proposal demonstrates that it is possible to maintain educational quality through innovative teaching strategies that transform material limitations into pedagogical opportunities, contributing to an inclusive and contextualized science education.
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Copyright (c) 2026 A. E. Camacho López, M. Rodríguez Quintero, A. Zarabia Salazar, C. Pérez Angulo

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