Análisis de materiales catódicos de estructura perovskita para celdas de combustible de óxido sólido, sofc'\lowercase{s}

Abstract

Fuel cells directly and efficiently convert the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy. Of the various types of fuel cells, the solid oxide (SOFC), combine the advantages in environmentally benign energy generation with fuel flexibility. However, the need for high operating temperatures (800 - 1000$^{\circ}$C) has resulted in high costs and major challenges in relation to the compatibility the cathode materials. As a result, there have been significant efforts in the development of intermediate temperature SOFC (500 - 700$^{\circ}$C). A key obstacle for operation in this temperature range is the limited activity of traditional cathode materials for electrochemical reduction of oxygen. In this article, the progress of recent years is discussed in cathodes for SOFC perovskite structure (ABO$_3$), more efficient than the traditionally used La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_{3-\delta}$ (LSM) or (La, Sr) CoO$_3$. Such is the case of mixed conductors (MIEC) double perovskite structure (AA'B$_2$O$_{5+\delta}$) using different doping elements as La, Sr, Fe, Ti, Cr, Sm, Co, Cu, Pr, Nd, Gd, dy, Mn, among others, which could improve the operational performance of existing cathode materials, promoting the development of optimized intermediate temperature SOFC designs.