Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide from tropical fruit peel waste using liquid phase exfoliation sonication and magnetite as catalyst
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFis.72.051004Keywords:
Graphene oxide, durian peel waste, pyrolysis, liquid-phase acid sonication, ultrasonication, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEMAbstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a highly versatile nanomaterial with remarkable structural, electrical, and surface properties, making it useful for energy storage, catalysis, and biomedical applications [1]. In this study, durian peel waste was used as a carbon-rich precursor for the synthesis of GO, offering a sustainable and cost-effective route to nanomaterials. The raw material was first subjected to pyrolysis at 400 °C in a rocket stove reactor to produce biochar. The resulting carbon was processed using liquid-phase acid sonication (LAS) and ultrasonication to synthesize GO. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD patterns confirmed the presence of oxidized graphitic structures, Raman spectra revealed the characteristic D and G bands with an increased ID/IG ratio indicating the formation of structural defects, and SEM images showed wrinkled, layered morphologies typical of GO sheets. These results demonstrate that tropical fruit waste can be valorized into advanced nanomaterials through environmentally friendly processing, highlighting the dual benefits of waste reduction and material innovation.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Wira Widyawidura, Yulanada Kurnia Pradani, Wipsar Sunu Brams Dwandaru, Husein Putra Prihanto, Luthfi Erzzat Ibrahim, Muhammad Noviansyah Aridito
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