Vol. 67 No. 5 Sep-Oct (2021): Revista Mexicana de Física

Colloidal soft matter is a class of materials that exhibit rich equilibrium and non-equilibrium 0thermodynamic properties, it self-assembles (spontaneously or driven externally) to form a large diversity of structures, and its constituents display an interesting and complex transport behavior. In this contribution, we review the essential aspects and the modern challenges of Colloidal Soft
Matter Physics. Our main goal is to provide a balanced discussion of the various facets of this highly multidisciplinary field, including experiments, theoretical approximations and models for molecular simulations, so that readers with various backgrounds could get both the basics and a broader, more detailed physical picture of the field. To this end, we first put emphasis on the colloidal physics, which allows us to understand the main driving (molecular and thermodynamic) forces between colloids that give rise to a wide range of physical phenomena. We also draw attention to some particular problems and areas of opportunity in Colloidal Soft Matter Physics that represent promising perspectives for future investigations.

An overview of two-dimensional (2D) materials electronic properties is presented, including research in multilayered heterostructures. An emphasis is made on simple models that contain the representative physical features seen among 2D materials, while presenting dierent and important perspectives that have been ignored or overlooked in other reviews. Starting with a short section on the crystallographic and diraction properties, the review continues with a discussion of the theoretical models needed to describe the electronic properties. An special emphasis is made on the rise of the Dirac equation in terms of the electronic wavefunctions frustration due to the underlying triangular symmetry of graphene. Then a new method to deal with such problems in other systems is presented. Also, a section concerning the less known graphene's free-electron bands is presented, which is important to describe interactions with metals and liquids as water. These bands are explained in terms of the electron interaction with its charge image, resulting in an effective Hydrogen like model leading to
a Rydberg series. We also discuss the effects of disorder, exural modes, strain and electromagnetic waves, using novel techniques developed in collaborations with other groups in Mexico. Using all of the previous techinques, other exotic matter phases are studied like Kekule and Moire patterns, at bands, topological insulators and time dependent topological states. Finally, heterostructures made by stacking layers of 2D materials are studied. An special section is devoted to the latest discovered superconductivity of graphene over graphene at magic angles, including our latest reduction of the problem onto a simple 2 2 Hamiltonian which describes the phenomena. Moreover, any other stacking of graphene layers like trilayer graphene, can be reduced using such method.

In this paper, we proposethe method of functional variable for finding soliton solutions of two practical problems arising in electronics, namely, the conformable time-conformable Generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation (GZKE) and the conformable time-conformable Generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-BonaMahoney equation (GZK-BBM). The soliton solutions are expressed by two types of functions which are hyperbolic and trigonometric functions. Implemented method is more effective, powerful and straightforward to construct the soliton solutions for nonlinear conformable time-conformable partial differential equations.

In this research work, within the framework of relativistic and nonrelativistic noncommutative quantum mechanics, the deformed Klein–Gordon and Schrödinger equations were solved with the modified equal vector scalar Manning-Rosen potential that has been of significance interest in recent years using Bopp's shift method and standard perturbation theory in the first-order in the noncommutativity parameters  in 3-dimensions noncommutative quantum mechanics. By employing the improved approximation of the centrifugal term, the relativistic and nonrelativistic bound state energies were obtained for some diatomic molecules such as (HCl, CH, LiH, CO, NO, O₂, I₂, N₂, H2, and Ar₂). The obtained energy eigenvalues appear as a function of the generalized Gamma function, the parameters of noncommutativity, and the parameters  of studied potential, in addition to the atomic quantum numbers . In both relativistic and nonrelativistic problems, we show that the corrections on the spectrum energy are smaller than the main energy in the ordinary cases of RQM and NRQM. A straightforward limit of our results to ordinary quantum mechanics shows that the present result is consistent with what is obtained in the literature. We have seen that the improved approximation of the centrifugal term is better than the other approximations in finding the approximate analytical solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Schrödinger equations for the modified Manning–Rosen potential in RNCQM and NRNCQM.

In this article, we firstly consider a new theory of spherical electromagnetic radiation density with antiferromagnetic spin of timelike spherical t -magnetic flows by the spherical Sitter frame in de Sitter space. Thus, we construct the new relationship between the new type electric and magnetic phases and spherical timelike magnetic flows de Sitter space 2.
1 S Also, we give the applied geometric characterization for spherical electromagnetic radiation density. This concept also boosts to discover some physical and geometrical characterizations belonging to the particle. Moreover, the solution of the fractional-order systems are considered for the submitted mathematical designs. Graphical demonstrations for fractional solutions are presented to expression of the approach. The collected results illustrate that mechanism is relevant and decisive approach to recover numerical solutions of our new fractional equations. Components of performed equations are demonstrated by using approximately explicit values of physical assertions on received solutions. Finally, we construct
that electromagnetic fluid propagation along fractional optical fiber indicates an fascinating family of fractional evolution equation with diverse physical and applied geometric modelling in de Sitter space 2 1 S .

In this article the perturbed Gerdjikov-Ivanov (GI)-equation which acts for the dynamics of propagation of solitons is employed. The balanced modified extended tanh-function and the non-balanced Riccati-Bernoulli Sub-ODE methods are used for the first time to obtain the new optical solitons of this equation. The obtained results give an accuracy interpretation of the propagation of solitons. We held a comparison between our results and those are in the previous work. The efficiency of these methods for constructing the exact solutions has been demonstrated. It is shown that these different technique's reduces the large volume of calculations.

A quantum scheme is presented by which a three-level trapped ion interacts with a two laser beams in the absence and presence of the e®ect of classical  field. We analyze the impact of the classical ¯eld and the Lamb-Dicke parameter (LDP) on the dynamical behavior of entanglement quanti¯er, population probabilities and the geometric phase. Based on four different variations of these two effects, LDP = 0.1, LDP=0.01 and ¯ = 0.0, ¯ = 0.49, the time dependence of geometric phase and populations probabilities are shown. The ¯nding emphasizes that both the time-dependent and LDP play an important role in the development of the entanglement, the geometric phase, ¯delity, and populations probabilities. This in-sight may be very useful in various applications in quantum optics and information processing.

A generalisation of the Susceptible-Infectious model is made to include a time-dependent transmission rate, which leads to a close analytical expression in terms of a logistic function. The solution can be applied to any continuous function chosen to describe the evolution of the transmission rate with time. Taking inspiration from real data of the Covid-19, for the case of cumulative confirmed positives and deaths, we propose an exponentially decaying transmission rate with two free parameters, one for its initial amplitude and another one for its decaying rate. The resultant time-dependent SI model, which under extra conditions recovers the standard Gompertz functional form, is then compared with data from selected countries and its parameters fit using Bayesian inference. We make predictions about the asymptotic number of confirmed positives and deaths, and discuss the possible evolution of the disease in each country in terms of our parametrisation of the transmission rate.

Nowadays,  nonlinear fractional partial differential equations have been highly using for modelling of physical phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to achieve exact solutions of fractional differential equations for understanding complex phenomena in mathematical physics. In this study,  new exact traveling wave solutions are reached of space-time fractional Phi-4 equation indicated by Atangana’s conformable derivative using two powerful different techniques. These are the functional variable method and the first integral method. Obtaining new solutions of this equation show that method is effective to understanding other nonlinear complex problems in particle and nuclear physics.

We studied the increase in temperature of systems formed by thin aluminum films deposited on texturized substrates which we denominated aluminum metafilms. By varying the geometric parameters of the metafilms, surface plasmons in the wavelength range of ~420-770 nm were excited. Temperature measurements as a function of the intensity of incident radiation in the interval from 0-to 4X10^18 (photons/s cm^2) using wavelengths of 445, 532 and 650 nm, showed temperature increases up to ~200 K, these attributed to metafilm morphology and hot electrons result of the non-radiative decay of the surface plasmons. Also increases up to 2.3X10^(-4) Ohm cm  in electrical resistivity were recorded when the metafilms were radiated for times of ~1 s; when the exposure times were greater than ~4 s, irreversibly changes in the morphology of the samples were observed.

HfO₂ thin films are proposed as high-k gate dielectric, especially for the fabrication of ultra-large-scale integration systems. The effect of adding deionized water during the synthesis of HfO₂ thin films on its structural and dielectric properties is reported. The study of nanostructured HfO₂ thin films deposited on crystalline silicon wafers is made by applying the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique. For the synthesis of hafnium oxide thin films, hafnium acetylacetonate was dissolved in dimethylformamide as a hafnium source material. Varying the substrate temperature from 400 and up to 550 °C in increments of 50 °C and adding deionized water during the process, favoring films with well-defined monoclinic well as polycrystalline structures. The thin films presented a nanostructured morphology and a rugosity with a minimum value of 0.45 nm. Refractive index values between 1.87 and 2.02 have been obtained with an average thickness of ~ 21 nm. The carbon and O-H binds decrease considerably, adding deionized water to the deposit. The electrical characterization revealed that the films deposited with deionized water have a high dielectric constant with a maximum value of 14.4, demonstrating that this addition during deposition allows thinner films with good dielectric properties.

In this work we study the classical and quantum dynamics of a London superconductor and of a time-dependent mesoscopic or nanoscale LC circuit by assuming that the inductance and capacitance vary exponentially with time at constant rate. Surprisingly, we find that the behavior of these two systems are equivalent, both classically and quantum mechanically, and can be mapped into a standard damped harmonic oscillator which is described by the Caldirola-Kanai Hamiltonian. With the aid of the dynamical invariant method and Fock states, we solve the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation associated with this Hamiltonian and calculate some important physical properties of these systems such as expectation values of the charge and magnetic flux, their variances and the respective uncertainty principle.

The intruder configurations (1p-1h), (2p-2h) and (3p-3h) were studied in this work for the island of inversion within the SDPF-U Hamiltonian. The effect of the proton locations on the structure (energies and transition probabilities) for even-even and even-odd magnesium (N=20-24) isotopes is studied.

The Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) method is a convenient method that was developed in order to examine weakly bound nuclei. For this purpose, the elastic scattering data of 17 O projectile for 90 Zr, 124 Sn and 208 P b target nuclei were investigated at 340 MeV using the CDCC method. In calculations using this method, 17 O projectiles were taken to be .
Optical potentials were selected as the interaction potentials. It was seen that the results obtained were compatible with the experimental data. The effects of excited channels in all three systems were also determined.

The dynamical system has an important research area and due to its wide applications many researchers and scientists working to develop new model and techniques for their solution. We present in this work the dynamics of a chaotic model in the presence of newly introduced fractal-fractional operators. The model is formulated initially in ordinary differential equations and then we utilize the fractal-fractional (FF) in power law, exponential and Mittag-Leffler to generalize the model. For each fractal-fractional order model, we briefly study its numerical solution via the numerical algorithm. We present some graphical results with arbitrary order of fractal and fractional orders, and present that these operators provide different chaotic attractors for different fractal and fractional order values. The graphical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the fractal-fractional operators.

In this brief paper, we complete the analysis presented previously in [RMF 64 (2018) 662-670] regarding the quantifiers of the
classical correlations and the so-called local available quantum correlations for Bell Diagonal states. A correction is introduced
in their previous expressions once two cases within the optimizations are included.